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Isla Raza de Buena Gente | |
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Terminal Island, which includes Federal Correctional Institution, Terminal Island. Gerald Desmond Bridge is also visible in the background. | |
Location within Southern Los Angeles | |
Coordinates: 33°45′25″N118°14′53″W / 33.756963°N 118.248126°W | |
Country | United States |
State | California |
County | Los Angeles |
Cities | Los Angeles (Wilmington) and Long Beach |
ZIP Code |
Terminal Island is a largely artificial island located in Los Angeles County, California, between the neighborhood of San Pedro in the city of Los Angeles, and the city of Long Beach. Terminal Island is roughly split between the Port of Los Angeles and Port of Long Beach. Land use on the island is entirely industrial and port-related, as well as the Federal Correctional Institution, Terminal Island.
History[edit]
The island was originally called Isla Raza de Buena Gente[1] and later Rattlesnake Island.[2] It was renamed Terminal Island in 1891.[1]
In 1909, the newly reincorporated Southern California Edison Company decided to build a new steam station to provide reserve capacity and emergency power for the entire Edison system, and to enable Edison to shut down some of its small, obsolete steam plants. The site chosen for the new plant was on a barren mudflat known as Rattlesnake Island, today's Terminal Island in Long Beach Harbor. Construction of Plant No. 1 began in 1910.
The land area of Terminal Island has been supplemented considerably from its original size. For instance, in the late 1920s, Deadman's Island in the main channel of the Port of Los Angeles was dynamited and dredged away, and the resulting rubble was used to add 62 acres (0.097 sq mi) to the island's southern tip.[3]:57
In 1930, the Ford Motor Company built a facility called Long Beach Assembly, having moved earlier operations from Downtown Los Angeles. The factory remained until 1958 when manufacturing operations were moved inland to Pico Rivera.
In 1927, a civilian facility, Allen Field, was established on Terminal Island. The Naval Reserve established a training center at the field and later took complete control, designating the field Naval Air Base San Pedro (also called Reeves Field).[3]:60 In 1941 the Long Beach Naval Station became located adjacent to the airfield. In 1942 the Naval Reserve Training Facility was transferred, and a year later NAB San Pedro's status was downgraded to a Naval Air Station (NAS Terminal Island). Reeves Field as a Naval Air Station was disestablished in 1947, although the adjacent Long Beach Naval Station would continue to use Reeves Field as an auxiliary airfield until the late 1990s.[4] A large industrial facility now covers the site of the former Naval Air Station.
The island was home to about 3,500 first- and second-generation Japanese Americans prior to World War II[5] in an area known as East San Pedro or Fish Island. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, all of the adult Issei males on Terminal Island were incarcerated by the FBI on February 9, 1942. Immediately after the signing of Executive Order 9066 on February 19, 1942, the rest of the inhabitants were given 48 hours to evacuate their homes. They were subsequently sent to internment camps, and the entire neighborhood was razed. The Japanese community on Terminal Island was the first to be evacuated and interned en masse.[6]
Because of the relative geographical isolation of the island, the citizens developed their own culture and even their own dialect. After World War II, the Terminal Islanders settled elsewhere. In 1971, they formed the Terminal Islanders Club, which has organized various events for its members. In 2002, the surviving second-generation citizens set up a memorial on Terminal Island to honor their parents.
During World War II, Terminal Island was an important center for defense industries, especially shipbuilding. It was also, therefore, one of the first places where African Americans tried to effect their integration into defense-related work on the West Coast.[7]
In 1946, Howard Hughes moved his monstrous Spruce Goose airplane from his plant in Culver City to Terminal Island in preparation for its test flight. In its first and only flight, it took off from the island on November 2, 1947.[8]
Brotherhood Raceway Park, a 1⁄4 mile drag racing strip, opened in 1974 on former US Navy land. It operated, with many interruptions, until finally closing in 1995 to be replaced by a coal-handling facility.[9]
Preservation of vacant buildings earned the island a spot on the top 11 sites on the National Trust for Historic Preservation's 2012 Most Endangered Historic Places List.[10] In mid-2013, the Los Angeles Board of Harbor Commissioners approved a preservation plan.[11] The trust cited the site as one of ten historic sites saved in 2013.[11]
Current use[edit]
The west half of the island is part of the San Pedro area of the city of Los Angeles, while the rest is part of the city of Long Beach. The island has a land area of 11.56 km2 (4.46 sq mi), or 2,854 acres (11.55 km2), and had a population of 1,467 at the 2000 census.[citation needed]
The Port of Los Angeles and the Port of Long Beach are the major landowners on the island, who in turn lease much of their land for container terminals and bulk terminals. The island also hosts canneries, shipyards, and United States Coast Guard facilities.
The Federal Correctional Institution, Terminal Island, which began operating in 1938, hosts more than 900 low security federal prisoners.
The Long Beach Naval Shipyard, decommissioned in 1997, occupied roughly half of the island. Sea Launch maintains docking facilities on the mole that was part of the naval station.
Aerospace company SpaceX intends to build a factory on the island at Berth 240 to construct its planned BFR manned space transportation system intended for suborbital, orbital and interplanetary flight. The new SpaceX rocket, too large to be transported for long distances overland, will be shipped to the company's launch area in Florida by sea, via the Panama Canal. The 19 acres (7.7 ha) site was used for shipbuilding from 1918, and was formerly operated by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation and then the Southwest Marine Shipyard. The location has been disused since 2005.[12] While the new site is being prepared SpaceX has set up a temporary facility in a tent structure on a lot at 801 Reeves Avenue, leased from Sea-Logix. The tent has been erected on the site of Navy Operations Support Command LA's former commissary building, which was demolished in 2015 after NOSC LA shifted to a new location.[citation needed]
Bridges[edit]
Terminal Island is connected to the mainland via four bridges.[13] To the west, the distinctive green Vincent Thomas Bridge, the fourth-longest suspension bridge in California, connects it with the Los Angeles neighborhood of San Pedro. The Gerald Desmond Bridge connects the island with downtown Long Beach to the east. The Commodore Schuyler F. Heim Bridge joins Terminal Island with the Los Angeles neighborhood of Wilmington to the north. Adjacent to the Heim Bridge is a rail bridge called the Henry Ford Bridge, or the Badger Avenue Bridge.[13]
In popular culture[edit]
Terminal Island is the setting at the start of The Terror: Infamy, the second season of the AMC series,The Terror, before the Japanese American residents are relocated to internment camps following the bombing of Pearl Harbor.[14][15]
See also[edit]
- Albert P. Halfhill, father of the tuna packing industry had a fish factory here.
References[edit]
- ^ abLaura Pulido; Laura Barraclough; Wendy Cheng (24 March 2012). A People's Guide to Los Angeles. University of California Press. p. 250. ISBN978-0-520-95334-5. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
- ^Gerrie Schipske (31 October 2011). Early Long Beach. Arcadia Publishing. p. 93. ISBN978-0-7385-7577-3. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
- ^ abMichael D. White (13 February 2008). The Port of Los Angeles. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 57–60. ISBN978-0-7385-5609-3. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
- ^Mark Denger. 'Historic California Posts: Naval Air Station, Terminal Island'. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
- ^Tetsuden Kashima (1997). Personal Justice Denied: Report of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians. University of Washington Press. p. 108. ISBN978-0-295-97558-0. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
- ^Brian Niiya; Japanese American National Museum (Los Angeles, Calif.) (1993). Japanese American History: An A-To-Z Reference from 1868 to the Present. VNR AG. p. 327. ISBN978-0-8160-2680-7. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
- ^Josh Sides (12 June 2006). L.A. City Limits: African American Los Angeles from the Great Depression to the Present. University of California Press. p. 64. ISBN978-0-520-24830-4. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
- ^Darwin Porter (30 March 2005). Howard Hughes: Hell's Angel. Blood Moon Productions, Ltd. pp. 710–11. ISBN978-0-9748118-1-9. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
- ^Dennis McLellan (25 May 2012). ''Big Willie' Robinson dies at 69; L.A. drag race organizer'. Los Angeles Times.
- ^'LA Port Plan Makes Terminal Island Preservation a Key Goal'. National Trust for Historic Preservation. Retrieved January 19, 2014.
- ^ abstaff (January 5, 2014). 'A look at 10 historic sites save, 10 lost in 2013'. Associated Press as reported by the Post Crescent. p. F3.
- ^Samantha Masunaga (19 April 2018). 'SpaceX gets approval to develop its BFR rocket and spaceship at Port of Los Angeles'. Los Angeles Times.
- ^ abDaniel Z. Sui (19 June 2008). Geospatial Technologies and Homeland Security: Research Frontiers and Future Challenges. Springer. p. 42. ISBN978-1-4020-8339-6. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
- ^Debnath, Neela (2019-08-12). 'The Terror Infamy location: Where is it filmed? Where's it set?'. Express.co.uk. Retrieved 2019-08-21.
- ^'New season of 'The Terror' brings horror of Japanese American internment to life'. NBC News. Retrieved 2019-08-22.
- Hirahara, Naomi (2014). Terminal Island: Lost Communities of Los Angeles Harbor. Santa Monica, Calif.: Angel City Press. ISBN9781626400184.
- Regan, Lucile Cattermole (2006). The Red Lacquer Bridge. Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse. ISBN9781425983277.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Terminal Island. |
Coordinates: 33°45′25″N118°14′53″W / 33.756963°N 118.248126°W
Metro area | Vancouver |
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Country | Canada |
Founded | 2006 |
Teams | All-Stars (A team) B Sides (B team) Team Terminal City Bad Reputations Faster Pussycats Public Frenemy Riot Girls |
Track type(s) | Flat |
Venue | Royal City Curling Club Kerrisdale Arena Vancouver Forum Minoru Arena |
Affiliations | WFTDA |
Website | www.tcrd.ca |
Terminal City Roller Derby (TCRD) is a flat track roller derby league based in Vancouver. Founded in January 2006 as Terminal City Rollergirls, TCRD is a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA).[1]
- 2WFTDA competition
History and organization[edit]
Terminal City was founded in 2006 by Michelle 'Micki Mercury' Lamoureux, who was inspired by childhood memories of watching roller derby on television and recruited initial members with a craigslist ad.[2] By 2009, Terminal City was drawing over 1,000 fans for home events.[2] Terminal City is the first roller derby league in the Vancouver area,[3] became an apprentice member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA) in October 2010,[4] and a full member of the WFTDA, initially placed in the WFTDA's West Region in March 2011.[5]
In September 2016, Terminal City hosted a 2016 International Women's Flat Track Derby Association Division 1 playoff tournament at the Richmond Olympic Oval in the Vancouver suburb of Richmond.[6][7]
The league currently consists of the Terminal City All-Stars and Team Terminal City. In 2010, Raw Meat was formed, a drop-in skating group open to all skill levels and now continues as Terminal City Mix Tapes.
In January 2019, the league announced it was updating its name to Terminal City Roller Derby.[8]
WFTDA competition[edit]
The Terminal City All-Stars represents Terminal City within the WFTDA, and is ranked by the association. In 2013, The All-Stars, at the time considered a WFTDA Division 2 team, qualified for Division 1 playoffs for the first time, entering the playoff tournament in Richmond, Virginia as the tenth seed, and finishing the tournament in seventh place.[9] At the 2016 Division 1 tournament in Vancouver, Terminal City was the fifth seed, and finished in fifth place.[10] In 2017, Terminal City was the tenth seed at the Malmö Division 1 Playoff, but lost 197-145 to Stockholm Roller Derby[11] and 257-181 to Detroit Roller Derby[12] and finished out of the medals. In 2018, Terminal City was the fourth seed at the North American West Continental Cup held in Omaha, Nebraska, and after losing their quarterfinal to Calgary Roller Derby finished the weekend with a 264-183 victory over No Coast Derby Girls in the consolation round.[13] In 2019, the Terminal City All-Stars did not compete in WFTDA sanctioned play, and they were therefore ineligible for post-season play for the first time since 2012.
Rankings[edit]
Terminal City Training Course
Season | Final ranking[14] | Playoffs | Championship |
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2011 | 23 W[15] | DNQ | DNQ |
2012 | 12 W[16] | DNQ | DNQ |
2013 | 37 WFTDA[17] | 7 D1[9] | DNQ |
2014 | 18 WFTDA[18] | 6 D1[19] | DNQ |
2015 | 24 WFTDA[20] | 5 D1[21] | DNQ |
2016 | 18 WFTDA[22] | 5 D1[10] | DNQ |
2017 | 35 WFTDA[23] | CRD1[12] | DNQ |
2018 | 52 WFTDA[24] | CRCC NA West[13] | N/A |
- CR = consolation round
International play[edit]
Terminal City skaters Luludemon and 8Mean Wheeler were selected for Team Canada at the 2011 Roller Derby World Cup.[25][26] 8Mean Wheeler (now skating as MacKenzie), Luludemon and four other Terminal City Skaters, Buffy Sainte Fury, Evada Peron, Eve Hallows and Kim Janna were named to the 2014 edition of Team Canada.[27] In addition, TCRG's Mack the Mouth was named to Team Canada's coaching staff in both 2011 and 2014.[27]
References[edit]
Terminal City Training Courses
- ^'Terminal City Rollergirls – WFTDA'. wftda.com. WFTDA. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^ abZacharias, Yvonne (6 June 2009). 'Sport mixes fishnets with hipchecks'. www.pressreader.com. Vancouver Sun. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^Amy Reid, 'It's like playing dress-up, but a little more hardcore', Vancouver Courier, 7 May 2010
- ^'WFTDA Apprentice Program welcomes 10 new leagues', WFTDA, 5 October 2010
- ^'WFTDA welcomes 6 new members', WFTDA, 1 March 2011
- ^'D1 Playoffs Vancouver, BC Sept 16-18 - About the Venue'. WFTDA. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
- ^'International Roller Derby event comes to Richmond Olympic Oval'. Global News. 16 September 2016. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
- ^'Terminal City Roller Derby - Vancouver Flat-Track Roller Derby Since 2006'. Terminal City Roller Derby. 22 January 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
- ^ ab'September 13-15, 2013: Richmond, Virginia'. WFTDA. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
- ^ ab'D1V: #5 Terminal City contains #9 Queen City, 239-133'. Derby Central. 18 September 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^Khaos, Merry (8 September 2017). 'D1M: #7 Stockholm cleans up #10 Terminal City, 197-145'. Derby Central. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^ abDefiance, Brooklyn (9 September 2017). 'D1M: #8 Detroit stops #10 Terminal City, 257-181 | Derby Central'. Derby Central. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^ ab'Canberra Roller Derby League Wins 2018 WFTDA Continental Cup – North America West – WFTDA'. wftda.com. WFTDA. 28 August 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
- ^'Current Rankings', WFTDA
- ^'Current Rankings'. WFTDA. Archived from the original on 25 January 2012. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^'Current Rankings'. WFTDA. Archived from the original on 20 March 2013. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^'Rankings: December 31, 2013 – WFTDA'. wftda.com. WFTDA. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^'Rankings: December 31, 2014 – WFTDA'. wftda.com. WFTDA. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^'Sept. 5-7: Sacramento, California, USA - Women's Flat Track Derby Association'. Wftda.com. Retrieved 2016-01-11.
- ^'Rankings: December 31, 2015 – WFTDA'. wftda.com. WFTDA. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^'D1 Playoffs Tucson, AZ Sept 4-6'. Wftda.com. Retrieved 2016-01-11.
- ^'Rankings: December 31, 2016 – WFTDA'. wftda.com. WFTDA. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^'Rankings: December 31, 2017 – WFTDA'. wftda.com. WFTDA. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
- ^'Rankings: December 31, 2018 – WFTDA'. wftda.com. WFTDA. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
- ^Kimiya Shokoohi, 'Vancouver's Luludemon rolls her way to the top', Vancouver Courier, 12 October 2011
- ^Mercy Less (5 August 2011). 'Team Canada Roster Announced'. Derby News Network. Archived from the original on 5 December 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
- ^ abDerby Nerd (30 December 2014). 'Team Canada Releases Roster for the 2014 Roller Derby World Cup'. The Derby Nerd. Retrieved 6 January 2014.